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An investigation under equal experimental conditions of the ultrasoft x-ray emission bands of coarse-grained and nanosize powders of different materials reveals the narrowing of the spectra and changes of their shapes when decreasing powder size. As shown, this is a consequence of the energy redistribution of valence-electron states after the breaking of interatomic bonds under dispersion of the materials into nanosizes, when a number of surface atoms with broken bonds become commensurable with the number of atoms within the nanoparticles. The energy redistribution of electrons occupying mainly the π-bonding states is changed significantly due to the increasing curvature of the surfaces of carbon nanomaterials with the decrease of their sizes. As revealed, the specific narrowing of the x-ray emission bands representing electron states of some symmetry is proportional to occupancy of these states.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY-ND Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
  

Keyword: Chemical bonding, Electronic structure, Nanodispersion, Ultrasoft x-ray emission spectroscopy

Date published: 2025-04-12

Publisher: G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine

Journal:

• Metallofizika i Noveishie Tekhnologii (ISSN: 10241809) vol. 30 issue. 2 p. 169-187

Funding:

• 多結晶光学材料 AB3080 ( Research toward Innovative Optical Materials)

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.5440

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.15407/mfint

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Updated at: 2025-04-18 14:06:50 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-04-20 17:17:41 +0900