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説明:

Strong electric field annihilation by particle-antiparticle pair creation, described in detail by Sauter and Schwinger, is a basic non-perturbative prediction of quantum electrodynamics. Its experimental demonstration remains elusive as Schwinger fields ES are beyond reach even for the light electron-positron pairs. Here we put forward a mesoscopic variant of the Schwinger effect in graphene, which hosts Dirac fermions with electron-hole symmetry. Using DC transport and RF noise, we report on univer- sal 1d-Schwinger conductance at the pinch-off of ballistic graphene transistors. Strong pinch-off electric fields are concentrated in a length Λ >∼ 0.1 μm at the transistor drain, and induce Schwinger e-h pair creation at saturation, for a Schwinger voltage VS = ES Λ on the order of the pinch-off voltage. This Klein-Schwinger effect (KSE) precedes an instability toward an ohmic Zener regime, which is rejected at twice the pinch-off voltage in long devices. The KSE not only gives clues to current saturation limits in ballistic graphene, but also opens new routes for quantum electrodynamic experiments in the laboratory.

権利情報:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

キーワード: Schwinger effect, graphene, Dirac fermions

刊行年月日: 2023-03-09

出版者: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

掲載誌:

• Nature Physics (ISSN: 17452481) vol. 19 issue. 6 p. 830-835

研究助成金:

原稿種別: 出版者版 (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

公開URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-01978-9

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更新時刻: 2025-02-23 22:48:23 +0900

MDRでの公開時刻: 2025-02-23 22:48:23 +0900