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One of the most captivating properties of polaritons is their capacity to confine light at the nanoscale. This confinement is even more extreme in two-dimensional (2D) materials. 2D polaritons have been investigated by optical measurements using an external photodetector. However, their effective spectrally resolved elec- trical detection via far-field excitation remains unexplored. This fact hinders their potential exploitation in crucial applications such as sensing molecules and gases, hyperspectral imaging and optical spectrometry, banking on their potential for integration with silicon technologies. Herein, we present the first electrical spectroscopy of polaritonic nanoresonators based on a high-quality 2D-material heterostructure, which serves at the same time as the photodetector and the polari- tonic platform. We employ metallic nanorods to create hybrid nanoresonators within the hybrid plasmon-phonon polaritonic medium in the mid and long-wave infrared ranges. Subsequently, we electrically detect these resonators by near- field coupling to a graphene pn-junction. The nanoresonators simultaneously present a record of lateral confinement and high-quality factors up to ∼200, exhibiting prominent peaks in the photocurrent spectrum. We exploit the geomet- rical and gate tunability of these nanoresonators to investigate their impact on the photocurrent spectrum. This work opens a venue for studying this highly tunable and complex hybrid system, as well as for using it in compact platforms for sensing and photodetection applications.

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• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: Polaritons, light confinement, 2D materials

Date published: 2024-10-05

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Journal:

• Nature Communications (ISSN: 20411723) vol. 15 issue. 1 8635

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Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52838-w

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Updated at: 2025-02-07 12:30:33 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-02-07 12:30:33 +0900