# Roles of Supersaturation and Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation for Enhanced Oral Absorption of Poorly Soluble Drugs from Amorphous Solid Dispersions

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/ccb2cf24-3f9d-4adc-85bd-ddf5aa66a7b7

## File

- [2025pharmaceutics.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/29336b2f-54fc-45d2-a1a6-064a4675c7fb/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/29336b2f-54fc-45d2-a1a6-064a4675c7fb.md))

## Id

ccb2cf24-3f9d-4adc-85bd-ddf5aa66a7b7

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2025-04-30T01:22:48.146131Z

## Updated at

2025-04-30T03:30:20.464726Z

## Published at

2025-04-30T03:23:10.203485Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17020262

## Date published

2025-02-16

## Recorded date published



## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: Roles of Supersaturation and Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation for Enhanced
    Oral Absorption of Poorly Soluble Drugs from Amorphous Solid Dispersions
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most important enabling
    formulation technologies for the development of poorly soluble drugs. Because
    of its thermodynamically unstable nature in both solid and wet states, the evaluation
    and optimization of the formulation performance involves some difficulties. The
    dissolution process is sensitively influenced by various factors, including the
    applied dose, medium composition, and pH. Supersaturated solutions can cause liquid–liquid
    phase separation (LLPS) and/or crystallization, which complicates the comprehension
    of the dissolution process. However, LLPS should be evaluated carefully because
    it is closely related to oral absorption. As LLPS concentration is analogous to
    amorphous solubility, it can be a key factor in predicting oral absorption from
    ASDs, if absorption is limited by solubility. Moreover, LLPS droplets are expected
    to increase transmembrane flux by increasing the drug concentration near the epithelial
    cell membrane. In this review, recently updated knowledge on the dissolution,
    membrane permeation, and oral absorption behaviors of ASDs is discussed with an
    emphasis on LLPS behavior.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Kohsaku Kawakami
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-9365

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: MDPI AG

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: Amorphous solid dispersion
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Crystallizaion
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Supersaturation
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Liquid–liquid phase separation
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Membrane permeability
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Oral absorption
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Pharmaceutics
  issn: '19994923'
  volume: '17'
  issue: '2'
  article_number: '262'

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## Fileset

- id: 29336b2f-54fc-45d2-a1a6-064a4675c7fb
  filename: 2025pharmaceutics.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 3870766
  md5: 84ff549354ca195d3637a908e7e4f969

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 29336b2f-54fc-45d2-a1a6-064a4675c7fb
filename: 2025pharmaceutics.pdf