# Bottom‐Up Assembly of Amorphous Metal–Organic Frameworks From Proton Conductive Metal–Organic Polyhedra

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/c6a45352-a3ac-4dc6-9c83-e0c4be5d5ad5

## File

- [Small - 2026 - Ma - Bottom‐Up Assembly of Amorphous Metal Organic Frameworks From Proton Conductive Metal Organic Polyhedra (2).pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/69ada0cf-01ea-42e3-b621-71c3467c0582/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/69ada0cf-01ea-42e3-b621-71c3467c0582.md))

## Id

c6a45352-a3ac-4dc6-9c83-e0c4be5d5ad5

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-06-29T06:23:00.013692Z

## Updated at

2026-06-29T06:25:12.266226Z

## Published at

2026-06-30T01:26:53.400104Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73752

## Date published

2026-05-13

## Recorded date published

2026-6

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: Bottom‐Up Assembly of Amorphous Metal–Organic Frameworks From Proton Conductive
    Metal–Organic Polyhedra
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: While crystalline metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) benefit from precise
    structural programmability, achieving comparable control in amorphous MOFs (aMOFs)
    remains underexplored. Most reported aMOFs are obtained via top-down amorphization
    of crystalline frameworks, whereas the limited bottom-up approaches typically
    rely on linker substitution-based assembly that inherently restricts node-level
    functionalization. Here, we present a bottom-up strategy for constructing proton-conductive
    aMOFs using sulfonate-rich metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) as predesigned molecular
    building units. Discrete Rh-based MOPs with accessible axial coordination sites
    are crosslinked with flexible ditopic linkers to form extended amorphous networks
    while preserving intrinsic node functionality. Variation of linker identity modulates
    network connectivity, free volume, water stability, and proton transport behavior.
    Retention of the sulfonate group from the MOP building units affords aMOFs with
    proton conductivities of up to 4.8 mS cm−1 at 85°C and 90% relative humidity,
    with a low activation energy of 0.20 eV, whereas the sulfonate-free aMOF analog
    exhibits insulating behavior. These results establish a general strategy for the
    rational design of functionally programmable aMOFs using chemically predefined
    building units.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Nattapol Ma
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6162-1834
- name: Daiki Umeyama
  role: author
- name: Hiroki Yamada
  role: author
- name: Soracha Kosasang
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Wiley

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: amorphous materials
  schema: not_defined
- subject: metal-organic frameworks
  schema: not_defined
- subject: bottom-up
  schema: not_defined
- subject: metal-organic polyhedra
  schema: not_defined
- subject: proton conductivities
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

## Other identifier(s)



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## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Small
  issn: '16136810'
  volume: '22'
  issue: '36'
  article_number: e73752

## Conference



## Related item



## Funding

- identifier: JPMJPR25MB
  funder_name: Japan Science and Technology Agency
- identifier: JPMJNX25B4
  funder_name: Japan Science and Technology Agency
- identifier: 0371207‐A
  funder_name: Iketani Science and Technology Foundation
- identifier: JP24K23109
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: JP25K18055
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: '2402150'
  funder_name: Sumitomo Foundation

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## Fileset

- id: 69ada0cf-01ea-42e3-b621-71c3467c0582
  filename: Small - 2026 - Ma - Bottom‐Up Assembly of Amorphous Metal Organic Frameworks
    From Proton Conductive Metal Organic Polyhedra (2).pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 2522855
  md5: 9978da65177a40a1383e3dd1e72ff354

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 69ada0cf-01ea-42e3-b621-71c3467c0582
filename: Small - 2026 - Ma - Bottom‐Up Assembly of Amorphous Metal Organic Frameworks
  From Proton Conductive Metal Organic Polyhedra (2).pdf