# Autonomous closed-loop exploration of composition-spread films for the anomalous Hall effect

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/bf0c7bd4-8dd7-42ad-b4eb-74df6bcdd0e1

## File

- [s41524-025-01828-7.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/7a5d5889-416d-43c3-8a56-aa494e497884/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/7a5d5889-416d-43c3-8a56-aa494e497884.md))

## Id

bf0c7bd4-8dd7-42ad-b4eb-74df6bcdd0e1

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2025-12-25T08:25:29.355464Z

## Updated at

2025-12-25T08:32:06.646570Z

## Published at

2025-12-25T23:19:24.541275Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-025-01828-7

## Date published

2025-11-19

## Recorded date published



## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: Autonomous closed-loop exploration of composition-spread films for the anomalous
    Hall effect
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Autonomous high-throughput combinatorial experimentation is a key approach
    for accelerating materials discovery. However, achieving a fully closed-loop system
    remains a challenge due to the lack of effective optimization strategies for combinatorial
    experimentation. Here, we developed a Bayesian optimization method specifically
    designed for composition-spread films, enabling the selection of promising composition-spread
    films and identifying which elements should be compositionally graded. Using this
    approach, we demonstrated an autonomous closed-loop exploration of composition-spread
    films to enhance the anomalous Hall effect (AHE). Our method optimized the composition
    of a five-element alloy system consisting of three 3d ferromagnetic elements of
    Fe, Co, and Ni and two 5d heavy elements from Ta, W, or Ir to maximize the AHE.
    Through our autonomous exploration, we achieved a maximum anomalous Hall resistivity
    of 10.9 µΩ cm in Fe44.9Co27.9Ni12.1Ta3.3Ir11.7 amorphous thin film on thermally
    oxidized Si substrates deposited at room temperature.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Ryo Toyama
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7398-5803
- name: Ryo Tamura
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0349-358X
- name: Shoichi Matsuda
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0640-3404
- name: Yuma Iwasaki
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-277X
- name: Yuya Sakuraba
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4618-9550

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: Machine learning
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Autonomous
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Combinatorial
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Anomalous Hall effect
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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## Journal

- title: npj Computational Materials
  issn: '20573960'
  volume: '11'
  issue: '1'
  article_number: '329'

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## Funding

- identifier: JPMJPR24T8
  funder_name: Japan Science and Technology Agency
- identifier: JPMJCR21O1
  funder_name: Japan Science and Technology Agency
- identifier: JPMJCR21O1
  funder_name: Japan Science and Technology Agency
- identifier: JPMXP1121467561
  funder_name: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- identifier: JPMXP1122715503
  funder_name: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- identifier: JP21H01608
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

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## Fileset

- id: 7a5d5889-416d-43c3-8a56-aa494e497884
  filename: s41524-025-01828-7.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 2016764
  md5: dfc0abec0502fe4457056354c5bca904

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 7a5d5889-416d-43c3-8a56-aa494e497884
filename: s41524-025-01828-7.pdf