# Numerical analysis of thermal accumulation and cooling design in SCAC-assisted wire-arc directed energy deposition: coupled effects of copper-block length and heat-transfer conditions

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/aff9feb9-95c0-4150-899c-c6f12dee7ed6

## File

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## Id

aff9feb9-95c0-4150-899c-c6f12dee7ed6

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-10-02T02:30:52.906285Z

## Updated at

2026-10-02T02:46:34.724975Z

## Published at

2026-10-02T05:37:08.454365Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100432

## Date published

2026-09-09

## Recorded date published

2026-12

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: 'Numerical analysis of thermal accumulation and cooling design in SCAC-assisted
    wire-arc directed energy deposition: coupled effects of copper-block length and
    heat-transfer conditions'
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Thermal accumulation limits stability and productivity in directed
    energy deposition–arc with metals (DED-Arc/M), commonly referred to as wire-arc
    directed energy deposition (WA-DED). This study numerically examined thermal accumulation
    in WA-DED with solid-contact active cooling (SCAC) and the coupled effects of
    cooling-block length and heat-transfer conditions for a short-tracking SCAC configuration.
    A three-dimensional transient heat-conduction model for AZ31 magnesium-alloy thin
    walls was calibrated using substrate-temperature histories and melt-pool lengths
    from previous experiments conducted with water-cooled copper blocks covering the
    full wall length. The so-called volume-averaged stored-thermal-energy density
    was introduced to evaluate thermal accumulation in the substrate and the deposited
    wall. The model reproduced continuing temperature increase under natural cooling
    (NC) and early thermal stabilization under SCAC. Despite its shorter interpass
    times, SCAC maintained the volume-averaged stored-thermal-energy density at levels
    comparable to or lower than those during late NC. A parametric study was conducted
    for a short block tracking the heat source during 24-pass deposition. Block length
    and the wall–block and block–water heat-transfer coefficients were each varied
    at three levels. Increasing these factors reduced both the late-stage accumulation
    rate and final accumulation level. However, stronger water-side cooling had a
    limited effect under low wall–block heat transfer. Thermal accumulation continued
    for a 5 mm block even under the strongest heat-transfer conditions, nearly stabilized
    for a 10 mm block, and slightly decreased for a 20 mm block. The lowest final
    accumulation level was approximately 94% below the maximum across 27 conditions.
    Numerical results indicate that short-tracking SCAC requires sufficient wall–block
    heat transfer, appropriate block length, and water-side heat rejection.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Houichi Kitano
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-574X
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Hyu Kudo
  role: author
- name: Hideaki Nagamatsu
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Elsevier BV

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: Directed energy deposition–arc
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Active cooling
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Thermal accumulation
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Transient heat-conduction analysis
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Cooling design
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Magnesium alloy
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  date_licensed: 2026-09-09

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Journal of Advanced Joining Processes
  issn: '26663309'
  volume: '14'
  article_number: '100432'

## Conference



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## Funding

- funder_name: Toyal Light Metal Mirai Foundation Inc

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## Fileset

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  filename: 1-s2.0-S2666330926000609-main.pdf
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  size: 3716023
  md5: 9f839adb92494639e2130747d0a61433

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filename: 1-s2.0-S2666330926000609-main.pdf