# Unconventional Spin–Orbit Torques by 2D Multilayered MXenes for Future Nonvolatile Magnetic Memories

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/a9bcc82c-02bd-42df-8605-8e5abc7e0fb3

## File

- [Small - 2025 - Kumar - Unconventional Spin Orbit Torques by 2D Multilayered MXenes for Future Nonvolatile Magnetic Memories.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/b5a4fa10-c249-4054-b4d1-2380db0da472/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/b5a4fa10-c249-4054-b4d1-2380db0da472.md))

## Id

a9bcc82c-02bd-42df-8605-8e5abc7e0fb3

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-04-13T03:28:03.380812Z

## Updated at

2026-04-13T05:30:00.679244Z

## Published at

2026-04-13T07:25:07.361825Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202500626

## Date published

2025-05-15

## Recorded date published

2025-6

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: Unconventional Spin–Orbit Torques by 2D Multilayered MXenes for Future Nonvolatile
    Magnetic Memories
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: 'MXenes have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing
    to their two-dimensional (2D) layered structures with various functionalities
    similar to those of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides. To open a new
    application field for MXenes in the realm of electronic devices, such as ultrahigh-integrated
    magnetic memory, we have developed a spin-orbit torque (SOT) bilayer structure
    comprising bare MXene of Cr2N: substrate//Cr2N/[Co/Pt]3/MgO using the magnetron
    sputtering technique. We demonstrated field-free current-induced magnetization
    switching (CIMS) in the bilayer structure, regardless of the charge current directions
    with respect to the mirror symmetry lines of Cr2N crystal. This is a specific
    characteristic for the 2D MXene-based SOT-devices, originating from an unconventional
    out-of-plane SOT. As the SOT efficiency increases with increasing the Cr2N thickness,
    the first-principles calculations predict an intrinsic orbital-Hall conductivity
    with the dominant out-of-plane component, comparing to the spin-Hall conductivity
    in the Cr2N. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals the out-of-plane uncompensated
    magnetic moment of Cr in the Cr2N layer at the interface, induced by contact with
    the Co in the [Co/Pt]3 ferromagnetic layer. Therefore, the intrinsic bulk orbital-Hall
    effect in MXene and the interfacial contribution such as spin-filtering-like effect
    are considered as possible major mechanisms for the unconventional out-of-plane
    SOT in the device, rather than a crystal symmetry and/or an interlayer exchange
    coupling.'
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Prabhat Kumar
  role: author
- name: Yoshio Miura
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5605-5452
- name: Yoshinori Kotani
  role: author
- name: Akiho Sumiyoshiya
  role: author
- name: Tetsuya Nakamura
  role: author
- name: Gaurav K. Shukla
  role: author
- name: Shinji Isogami
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7230-6090

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Wiley

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: MXene
  schema: not_defined
- subject: MRAM
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Orbitral torque
  schema: not_defined
- subject: MXCD
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Nitrospinics
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Small
  issn: '16136810'
  volume: '21'
  issue: '25'
  article_number: '2500626'

## Conference



## Related item



## Funding

- identifier: 23K22803
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

## Instrument



## Instrument operator



## Instrument managing organization



## Measurement method



## Specimen



## Chemical composition



## Structure for specimen



## Structural feature for specimen



## Specific property for specimen



## Process for specimen treatment



## Computational method



## Energy level/transition state



## Software



## Custom property



## Fileset

- id: b5a4fa10-c249-4054-b4d1-2380db0da472
  filename: Small - 2025 - Kumar - Unconventional Spin Orbit Torques by 2D Multilayered
    MXenes for Future Nonvolatile Magnetic Memories.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 3560247
  md5: 4df6495e18fa8e5c49df61f2df67cae7

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: b5a4fa10-c249-4054-b4d1-2380db0da472
filename: Small - 2025 - Kumar - Unconventional Spin Orbit Torques by 2D Multilayered
  MXenes for Future Nonvolatile Magnetic Memories.pdf