# Achieving high productivity in wire-arc directed energy deposition of magnesium alloy thin-walled structures via active cooling

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/a41678b0-7503-4ed5-ba40-8853ba63a273

## File

- [main2.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/865bb37f-6698-48e0-aa74-63cd6aca5f54/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/865bb37f-6698-48e0-aa74-63cd6aca5f54.md))

## Id

a41678b0-7503-4ed5-ba40-8853ba63a273

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-06-22T04:39:21.636874Z

## Updated at

2026-06-22T06:52:11.321836Z

## Published at

2026-06-22T09:28:19.030119Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100414

## Date published

2026-06-16

## Recorded date published

2026-12

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: Achieving high productivity in wire-arc directed energy deposition of magnesium
    alloy thin-walled structures via active cooling
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Wire-arc directed energy deposition (DED) with high heat input typically
    requires long inter-pass intervals to avoid deteriorating metallurgical and mechanical
    properties. However, this significantly extends process time, thereby sacrificing
    the manufacturing rate (MR). This trade-off is particularly pronounced in thin-walled
    structures due to low heat dissipation. While solid-contact active cooling (SCAC)
    can improve the metallurgical and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys in
    wire-arc DED, its potential for aggressive MR enhancement remains under-explored.
    This study experimentally reveals that SCAC enables the fabrication of AZ31 thin
    walls with a refined microstructure and acceptable tensile properties even under
    a very short interval (average 2.5 s) corresponding to an extremely high MR (882
    cm3/h). While natural cooling (NC) exhibited continuous heat accumulation leading
    to bead sagging despite a 120 s interval (MR = 90 cm3/h), SCAC reached thermal
    equilibrium early, enabling nearly continuous deposition. Additionally, narrowing
    the gap between the cooling copper blocks reduced the molten pool volume. Furthermore,
    the refinement of grains and precipitates by SCAC promoted a transition from a
    predominant quasi-cleavage mode to an extensive ductile fracture mode. Consequently,
    SCAC increased the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation by up to 12
    MPa, 13 MPa, and 10%, respectively, along the travel direction. Microstructural
    analysis suggests that the yield strength enhancement is primarily governed by
    grain refinement. This work demonstrates that active cooling strategies, including
    but not limited to SCAC or magnesium alloys, possess the potential to maintain
    the overall mechanical properties while significantly enhancing productivity in
    wire-arc DED.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Hyu Kudo
  role: author
- name: Houichi Kitano
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-574X
- name: Hiroyuki Sasahara
  role: author
- name: Hideaki Nagamatsu
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-0397

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Elsevier BV
ror: https://ror.org/

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: Wire-arc directed energy deposition
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Manufacturing rate
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Magnesium alloy
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Microstructure
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Tensile properties
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Fractography
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Smut
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Journal of Advanced Joining Processes
  issn: '26663309'
  volume: '14'
  article_number: '100414'

## Conference



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## Funding

- funder_name: Light Metals Educational Foundation

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## Fileset

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  filename: main2.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 1367483
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## Thumbnail

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filename: main2.pdf