# Unified Description of Cuprate Superconductors by Fractionalized Electrons Emerging from Integrated Analyses of Photoemission Spectra and Quasiparticle Interference https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/a0312139-ea52-40e6-ac2d-79a4663142ca ## File - [paper_qpi_v11.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/26acaf33-e7dc-436c-91c1-76f1c19c17bf/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/26acaf33-e7dc-436c-91c1-76f1c19c17bf.md)) ## Id a0312139-ea52-40e6-ac2d-79a4663142ca ## Local identifier ## Visibility open_to_public ## State published ## Created at 2026-02-09T07:31:41.369475Z ## Updated at 2026-02-10T23:30:18.219309Z ## Published at 2026-02-10T09:03:04.587387Z ## Doi https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.6177 ## First published url https://doi.org/10.1103/mww7-32gn ## Date published 2026-02-04 ## Recorded date published 2026-2 ## Resource type journal_article ## Manuscript type accepted_manuscript ## Collection ## Title - title: Unified Description of Cuprate Superconductors by Fractionalized Electrons Emerging from Integrated Analyses of Photoemission Spectra and Quasiparticle Interference title_type: original lang: en ## Description - description: 'Electronic structure of high-temperature superconducting cuprates is studied by analyzing experimental data independently obtained from two complementary spectroscopies, one, quasiparticle interference (QPI) measured by scanning-tunneling microscopy and the other, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and by combining these two sets of data in a unified theoretical analysis. Through explicit calculations of experimentally measurable quantities, we show that a simple two-component fermion model (TCFM) representing electron fractionalization succeeds in reproducing various detailed features of these experimental data: ARPES and QPI data are concomitantly reproduced by the TCFM in full energy and momentum spaces. The measured QPI pattern reveals a signature characteristic of the TCFM, distinct from the conventional single-component prediction, supporting the validity of the electron fractionalization in the cuprate. The integrated analysis also solves the puzzles of ARPES and QPI data that are seemingly inconsistent with each other. The overall success of the TCFM offers a comprehensive understanding of the electronic structure of the cuprates, in particular the unoccupied side of the spectra, of which momentum-resolved structure has long been unexplored experimentally. We further predict that a characteristic QPI pattern should appear in the unoccupied high-energy part if the fractionalization is at work. We propose that integrated-spectroscopy analyses offer a promising way to explore challenging issues of strongly correlated electron systems.' description_type: abstract lang: und ## Creator - name: Shiro Sakai role: author - name: Youhei Yamaji role: author orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-8792 organization: National Institute for Materials Science - name: Fumihiro Imoto role: author - name: Tsuyoshi Tamegai role: author - name: Adam Kaminski role: author - name: Takeshi Kondo role: author - name: Yuhki Kohsaka role: author - name: Tetsuo Hanaguri role: author - name: Masatoshi Imada role: author ## Contact agent ## Publisher organization: American Physical Society (APS) ## Managing organization ## Keyword - subject: photoemission spectroscopy schema: not_defined - subject: scanning tunneling spectroscopy schema: not_defined - subject: copper oxide superconductors schema: not_defined ## Rights - identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ date_licensed: 2026-02-04 ## Other identifier(s) ## Data origin - data_origin_type: other ## Embargo ## Journal - title: Physical Review X issn: '21603308' volume: '16' issue: '1' article_number: '011018' ## Conference ## Related item ## Funding - identifier: JP23H04528 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP24H00198 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP23K17351 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP23H03818 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP23H04524 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP25K07233 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP22H05111 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP22H05114 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP25H01249 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP25H01246 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP25H01250 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JPMXP1020200104 funder_name: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology - identifier: JPMXP1020230411 funder_name: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology - identifier: JPMXP1020230410 funder_name: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology - identifier: hp230207 funder_name: RIKEN - identifier: hp240213 funder_name: RIKEN - identifier: hp250224 funder_name: RIKEN - funder_name: University of Tokyo - funder_name: U.S. Department of Energy - identifier: DE-AC02-07CH11358 funder_name: Iowa State University ## Instrument ## Instrument operator ## Instrument managing organization ## Measurement method ## Specimen ## Chemical composition ## Structure for specimen ## Structural feature for specimen ## Specific property for specimen ## Process for specimen treatment ## Computational method ## Energy level/transition state ## Software ## Custom property ## Fileset - id: 26acaf33-e7dc-436c-91c1-76f1c19c17bf filename: paper_qpi_v11.pdf content_type: application/pdf size: 10426312 md5: 9cf8bcfc19f666438b280958d2929863 ## Thumbnail fileset_id: 26acaf33-e7dc-436c-91c1-76f1c19c17bf filename: paper_qpi_v11.pdf