# Measuring the density, viscosity, and surface tension of molten titanates using electrostatic levitation in microgravity

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/9f5e4682-c438-4873-a94c-6312d81b96c2

## Files

- [Titanates TP v5 changes accepted.docx](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/327335a3-a639-4c1b-a9fa-013dce5e2e53/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/327335a3-a639-4c1b-a9fa-013dce5e2e53.md))

## Id

9f5e4682-c438-4873-a94c-6312d81b96c2

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2024-06-27T22:36:01.545571Z

## Updated at

2024-06-28T07:30:17.880676Z

## Published at

2024-06-28T07:30:18.359277Z

## Doi

https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.4559

## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0198322

## Date published

2024-06-24

## Recorded date published

2024-6-24

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

accepted_manuscript

## Collection



## Title

- title: Measuring the density, viscosity, and surface tension of molten titanates
    using electrostatic levitation in microgravity
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: "Rare earth and barium titanates are useful as ferroelectric, dielectric,
    and optical materials. Measurements of their thermophysical properties in the
    liquid state can help guide melt processing technologies for their manufacture
    and advance understanding of fragile liquids’ behavior and glass formation. Here,
    we report the density, thermal expansion, viscosity, and surface tension of molten
    BaTi2O5, BaTi4O9, and 83TiO2-17RE2O3 (RE¼La or Nd). Measurements were made using
    electrostatic levitation and droplet oscillation techniques in microgravity, which
    provide access to quiescent liquid droplets and deep supercooling of 510–815K
    below the equilibrium melting points. Densities were measured over 900–2400 K.
    Viscosities were similar for all four compositions, increasing from \x0210 mPa
    s near 2100K to \x0230 mPa s near 1750 K. Surface tensions were 450–490 dyn cm<SUP>-1</SUP>
    for the rare earth titanates and 383–395 dyn cm<SUP>-1</SUP> for the barium titanates;
    and surface tensions of all compositions had small or negligible temperature dependence
    over 1700–2200K. For solids recovered after melt quenching, x-ray microtomog-raphy
    revealed the fracture mechanics in crystalline products and minimal internal porosity
    in glass products, likely arising from entrapped gas bubbles. Internal microstructures
    were generally similar for products processed either in microgravity or in a terrestrial
    aerodynamic levitator."
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Stephen K. Wilke
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-7049
- name: Abdulrahman Al-Rubkhi
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4524-2682
- name: Vrishank Menon
  role: author
- name: Jared Rafferty
  role: author
- name: Chihiro Koyama
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-4302
- name: Takehiko Ishikawa
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-3869
- name: Hirohisa Oda
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4547-2958
- name: Robert W. Hyers
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2187-018X
- name: Richard C. Bradshaw
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1573-1362
- name: Alan L. Kastengren
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-6258
- name: Shinji Kohara
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-2680
- name: Michael SanSoucie
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-2275
- name: Brandon Phillips
  role: author
- name: Richard Weber
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-1279

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: AIP Publishing

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: liquid
  schema: not_defined
- subject: levitation
  schema: not_defined
- subject: microgravity
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- description: This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use
    requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared
    in Stephen K. Wilke et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 124, 264102 (2024)  and may be found
    at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0198322.
  identifier: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Applied Physics Letters
  issn: '00036951'
  volume: '124'
  issue: '26'

## Conference



## Related item



## Funding

- identifier: 80NSSC19K1288
  funder_name: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- identifier: KAKENHI 20H05882
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: KAKENHI 20H05878
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

## Instrument



## Instrument operator



## Instrument managing organization



## Measurement method



## Specimen



## Chemical composition



## Structure for specimen



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## Specific property for specimen



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## Fileset

- id: 327335a3-a639-4c1b-a9fa-013dce5e2e53
  filename: Titanates TP v5 changes accepted.docx
  content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
  size: 1404114
  md5: ceea1f2203de82e77e580de44ae21cc8

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 327335a3-a639-4c1b-a9fa-013dce5e2e53
filename: Titanates TP v5 changes accepted.docx