# Surface Stoichiometric Tuning for High‐Efficiency and Light Illumination Stability in Sn–Pb Perovskite Solar Cells by PbBr<sub>2</sub> Wet Surface Treatment

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/9f2799e1-d482-4937-bb79-d76b45c2966d

## File

- [Surface Stoichiometric.docx](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/c3563d11-3cbb-417e-b388-a54b4355f270/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/c3563d11-3cbb-417e-b388-a54b4355f270.md))

## Id

9f2799e1-d482-4937-bb79-d76b45c2966d

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2025-12-02T04:33:26.546050Z

## Updated at

2025-12-02T07:30:18.454577Z

## Published at

2025-12-02T07:29:31.706734Z

## Doi

https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.5947

## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500225

## Date published

2025-05-19

## Recorded date published

2025-6

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

authors_original

## Collection



## Title

- title: Surface Stoichiometric Tuning for High‐Efficiency and Light Illumination
    Stability in Sn–Pb Perovskite Solar Cells by PbBr<sub>2</sub> Wet Surface Treatment
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: " Tin–lead (Sn–Pb) mixed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising
    as bottom subcells in all-perovskite tandem solar cells, but the oxidation of
    Sn2+ remains challenging for long-term stability. This study reveals a compositional
    gradient in Sn–Pb perovskite films, where excess Sn ions accumulate at the surface,
    intensifying oxidation and recombination losses. To address this issue, we introduce
    a PbBr2-TOAB wet surface treatment strategy during the fabrication of Sn–Pb perovskite
    films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms that this treatment
    achieves more balanced Sn:Pb stoichiometry from~4.36:1 to ~2.74:1, ensuring improved
    film quality and resistance to Sn2+ oxidation. The treatment strategy boosts the
    power conversion efficiency (PCE) to\r\n 21.61% (0.09 cm2), with an independently
    certified (from the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)
    PCEof19.12%, compared to 21.13% for control PSCs. Moreover, target larger PSCs
    (1cm2) achieved an impressive PCE of 20.83%. The target PSCs show enhanced stability,
    retaining 80% of their initial PCE after 50 h of continuous light soaking. More
    importantly, encapsulated target PSCs maintain 95% of their initial PCE for 300s
    under continuous illumination at maximum power point tracking conditions. Time-dependent
    photoluminescence examination confirms that PbBr2-TOAB treatment significantly
    reduces ion migration, improving stability under light illumination."
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Md. Abdul Karim
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9042-811X
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
  department: Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN)
- name: Yulu He
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2531-1521
- name: Wasif Islam Chowdhury
  role: author
- name: Md. Emrul Kayesh
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-819X
- name: Towhid H. Chowdhury
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8490-1276
- name: Shamim Ahmmed
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5847-2893
- name: Takeaki Sakurai
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5730-1937
- name: Ashraful Islam
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1633-1432

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Wiley

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: Sn–Pb Perovskite Solar Cells
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Stability
  schema: not_defined
- subject: PbBr2 Wet Surface Treatment
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Solar RRL
  issn: 2367198X
  volume: '9'
  issue: '12'
  article_number: '2500225'

## Conference



## Related item



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## Instrument



## Instrument operator



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## Measurement method



## Specimen



## Chemical composition



## Structure for specimen



## Structural feature for specimen



## Specific property for specimen



## Process for specimen treatment



## Computational method



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## Fileset

- id: c3563d11-3cbb-417e-b388-a54b4355f270
  filename: Surface Stoichiometric.docx
  content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
  size: 14386005
  md5: 757475bc93c982f3aac089b0b244387f

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: c3563d11-3cbb-417e-b388-a54b4355f270
filename: Surface Stoichiometric.docx