# A holistic view of the dynamics of long-lived valley polarized dark excitonic states in monolayer WS2

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/921bbdfe-2bb6-4a39-be02-0617271f30d3

## File

- [s41467-025-61677-2.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/d9772b52-96ea-4a1a-b642-9d781351d7c3/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/d9772b52-96ea-4a1a-b642-9d781351d7c3.md))

## Id

921bbdfe-2bb6-4a39-be02-0617271f30d3

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-02-14T06:15:23.337808Z

## Updated at

2026-02-16T07:30:26.304909Z

## Published at

2026-02-16T04:57:32.230304Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61677-2

## Date published

2025-07-10

## Recorded date published



## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: A holistic view of the dynamics of long-lived valley polarized dark excitonic
    states in monolayer WS2
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: With their long lifetime and protection against decoherence, dark excitons
    in monolayer semiconductors offer a promising route for quantum technology applications.
    Optical techniques have previously been used to show that dark excitons can sustain
    a long-lived valley polarization. However, several important aspects remain unknown
    regarding the fundamental nature of valley polarized dark excitons, such as the
    relative contributions of the different types of dark excitons to the degree of
    valley polarization, how these relative contributions evolve over time, and the
    role of excitation conditions therein. Here, using time- and angle-resolved photoemission
    spectroscopy with high energy resolution, we obtain a holistic view of the dynamics
    of valley-polarized bright excitons into a variety of states over the entire Brillouin
    zone. By varying experimental conditions, we reconcile between reports from two
    different experimental platforms – we switch between the rapid valley depolarization
    reported previously in TR-ARPES experiments, and the ability to see long-lived
    valley polarized dark excitons observed previously in optical studies. For the
    latter, we find that the intervalley momentum-dark exciton dominates at early
    times, measuring 85% of the overall excitonic population at 1 ps time-delay, with
    a 40% degree of valley polarization, while our data indicates that valley polarized
    spin-dark states dominate the excited state population at much longer time delay
    (> 10ps). Our measurements provide important information regarding the timescales
    and degrees to which different species of dark excitons dominate and contribute
    to the previously observed long-lived valley polarization in optics.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Xing Zhu
  role: author
- name: David R. Bacon
  role: author
- name: Vivek Pareek
  role: author
- name: Julien Madéo
  role: author
- name: Takashi Taniguchi
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Kenji Watanabe
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Michael K. L. Man
  role: author
- name: Keshav M. Dani
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: 'dark excitons
    '
  schema: not_defined
- subject: monolayer WS2
  schema: not_defined
- subject: 'valley polarization
    '
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  date_licensed: 2025-07-10

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Nature Communications
  issn: '20411723'
  volume: '16'
  issue: '1'
  article_number: '6385'

## Conference



## Related item



## Funding

- identifier: 24H00191
  funder_name: MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: 22K18270
  funder_name: MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: 23K25807
  funder_name: MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: 24K00561
  funder_name: MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: 21H05233
  funder_name: MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: 23H02052
  funder_name: MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: '23718777'
  funder_name: MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency

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## Fileset

- id: d9772b52-96ea-4a1a-b642-9d781351d7c3
  filename: s41467-025-61677-2.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 4010608
  md5: 9e8255e3fae18552bf45736cffd00a4b

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: d9772b52-96ea-4a1a-b642-9d781351d7c3
filename: s41467-025-61677-2.pdf