# CpG ODNs: Precision Immunotherapy and Recent Trends in Nano-Enabled Nucleotide Delivery

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/748821f6-331f-40b3-aa24-26cb9a747597

## File

- [CpG ODNs Accepted Manuscript.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/64e3f105-0f45-48f3-812b-72b9d78bb217/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/64e3f105-0f45-48f3-812b-72b9d78bb217.md))

## Id

748821f6-331f-40b3-aa24-26cb9a747597

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-02-27T09:48:26.497997Z

## Updated at

2026-04-30T03:01:11.491392Z

## Published at

2026-10-01T23:40:53.527506Z

## Doi

https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.6192

## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2025057385

## Date published

2025-10-02

## Recorded date published

2026

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

accepted_manuscript

## Collection



## Title

- title: 'CpG ODNs: Precision Immunotherapy and Recent Trends in Nano-Enabled Nucleotide
    Delivery'
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Synthetic ODNs (oligodeoxynucleotides) with immunostimulatory CpG (cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine)
    motifs induce an immune-mediated response, activating B cells, T cells, natural
    killer cells, and competent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This activation stimulates
    T helper 1 (TH1) cell activity and induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines,
    making CpG ODNs effective as immunoprotectants, vaccination adjuvants, and antiallergens.
    The findings that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) integrating both adaptive and innate
    immunity prompted greater interest in TLRs' immunostimulatory capabilities, activators,
    and effects. Potent adjuvants such as TLR agonists are crucial for effective vaccine
    formulations because they stimulate dendritic cells (DCs) to activate specific
    T-cells. Non-methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG
    ODNs) have proven to be successful adjuvants central to TLR9 receptor activation,
    facilitating the necessary innate immune signaling cascade. Artificially synthesized
    CpG ODNs are durable, cost-effective, and easy to produce, making them promising
    candidates for advanced studies on innate immunity and immunoprotection mechanisms.
    This review discusses CpG ODN-mediated immunomodulatory interventions, their potential
    as biomedical tools for specific diseases, recent advances in their applications,
    and related clinical trials from the past decade.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Anamika Verma
  role: author
- name: Nitisha Beniwal
  role: author
- name: Chandra Lekha Putta
  role: author
- name: Sasvat Sayee Ram Ramesh
  role: author
- name: Sajmina Khatun
  role: author
- name: Soumitra Pathak
  role: author
- name: Tomohiko Yamazaki
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-8042
- name: Aravind Kumar Rengan
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Begell House

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Toll like receptor 9
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Nucleotide Therapeutics
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Immunotherapy
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Nano-enabled Delivery Systems
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo

start_date: 2025-10-02
end_date: 2026-10-02

## Journal

- title: Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems
  issn: '07434863'
  volume: '43'
  issue: '1'
  start_page: 57
  end_page: 95

## Conference



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## Measurement method



## Specimen



## Chemical composition



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## Fileset

- id: 64e3f105-0f45-48f3-812b-72b9d78bb217
  filename: CpG ODNs Accepted Manuscript.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 2809248
  md5: 91255df259693159bea5ced97dcf61d8

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 64e3f105-0f45-48f3-812b-72b9d78bb217
filename: CpG ODNs Accepted Manuscript.pdf