# Probability maximization of magnetization switching by spin-orbit torques generated by a ferromagnet

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/744eaaf2-7d07-4f5f-9666-f36c16873773

## File

- [BA15055.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/9a69a431-da1d-431a-8652-de16184cbcf6/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/9a69a431-da1d-431a-8652-de16184cbcf6.md))

## Id

744eaaf2-7d07-4f5f-9666-f36c16873773

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2025-06-11T04:05:23.768040Z

## Updated at

2025-12-25T07:15:26.276090Z

## Published at

2025-12-25T23:19:19.238485Z

## Doi

https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.6076

## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.111.094420

## Date published

2025-03-17

## Recorded date published

2025-3

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

accepted_manuscript

## Collection



## Title

- title: Probability maximization of magnetization switching by spin-orbit torques
    generated by a ferromagnet
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) caused by spin currents generated in a ferromagnetic
    electrode enable a fast and deterministic magnetization switching. One SOT (y-SOT),
    polarized orthogonal to both electric current flowing in the electrode and easy
    axis of a ferromagnetic free layer, causes fast magnetization instability. The
    other SOT (z-SOT) points to the easy-axis direction and leads to the deterministic
    switching. Here, we evaluate the magnetization switching probability by these
    SOTs for various values of electric current density and the ratio of two SOTs
    from numerical simulation of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. It is
    found that the switching probability is maximized when the electric current density
    is close to a critical value for the magnetization destabilization solely by the
    y-SOT. The origin of such a current dependence is investigated by analyzing temporal
    dynamics, spectra of the magnetization distribution, and a steady-state solution
    of the LLG equation. We reveal that the maximization of the switching probability
    originates due to two different switching behaviors. In the low current region,
    the magnetization in some trials remains near the initial state because of the
    weak y-SOT, and thus, the switching error occurs. The number of such trials, which
    represents the switching error, decreases as the electric current density increases
    because both y and z-SOTs prompt the switching. In the large current region, the
    large y-SOT immediately tilts the magnetization toward the switched direction.
    However, since the y-SOT prefers an in-plane magnetized state, the switching error
    due to a probabilistic return to the initial state after turning off the electric
    current density occurs. The switching error in this region tends to increase with
    increasing current density. As a result, the switching probability is optimized
    when the electric current density is close to the critical value.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Tomohiro Taniguchi
  role: author
- name: Shinji Isogami
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7230-6090
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Shuji Okame
  role: author
- name: Katsuyuki Nakada
  role: author
- name: Tomoyuki Sasaki
  role: author
- name: Seiji Mitani
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1348-0774
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Masamitsu Hayashi
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2134-2563
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: American Physical Society (APS)

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: Spin-orbit torques
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Magnetization dynamics
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Numerical simulation
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- description: "©2025 American Physical Society"
  identifier: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Physical Review B
  issn: 1550235X
  volume: '111'
  issue: '9'
  article_number: '094420'

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## Funding

- funder_name: TDK Corporation

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## Fileset

- id: 9a69a431-da1d-431a-8652-de16184cbcf6
  filename: BA15055.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 832175
  md5: 5735f14cd2c42e78e6fa58035687913a

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 9a69a431-da1d-431a-8652-de16184cbcf6
filename: BA15055.pdf