# Universality in quantum critical flow of charge and heat in ultraclean graphene

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/6f293ba2-7f08-417f-a717-a8421b2624b7

## File

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## Id

6f293ba2-7f08-417f-a717-a8421b2624b7

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-06-30T00:55:27.268081Z

## Updated at

2026-07-03T04:24:12.439343Z

## Published at

2026-07-03T05:29:37.171157Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02972-z

## Date published

2025-08-13

## Recorded date published

2025-9

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

accepted_manuscript

## Collection



## Title

- title: Universality in quantum critical flow of charge and heat in ultraclean graphene
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Close to the Dirac point, graphene is expected to exist in a quantum
    critical Dirac fluid state, where the flow of both charge and heat can be described
    with a characteristic d.c. electrical conductivity and thermodynamic variables
    such as entropy and enthalpy densities. Although the fluid-like viscous flow of
    charge has been reported in state-of-the-art graphene devices, the value of conductivity,
    predicted to be quantized and determined only by the universality class of the
    critical point, has not been established experimentally so far. Here we have discerned
    the quantum critical universality in graphene transport by combining the electrical
    and thermal conductivities in very high-quality devices close to the Dirac point.
    We find that they are inversely related, as expected from relativistic hydrodynamics,
    and the characteristic conductivity converges to a quantized value. We also observe
    a giant violation of the Wiedemann–Franz law, where the Lorentz number exceeds
    the semiclassical value by more than 200 times close to the Dirac point at low
    temperatures. At high temperatures, the effective dynamic viscosity to entropy
    density ratio close to the Dirac point in the cleanest devices approaches that
    of a minimally viscous quantum fluid within a factor of four.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: en

## Creator

- name: Aniket Majumdar
  role: author
- name: Nisarg Chadha
  role: author
- name: Pritam Pal
  role: author
- name: Akash Gugnani
  role: author
- name: Bhaskar Ghawri
  role: author
- name: Kenji Watanabe
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Takashi Taniguchi
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Subroto Mukerjee
  role: author
- name: Arindam Ghosh
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: Graphene
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Quantum critical Dirac fluid
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Wiedemann–Franz law
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- description: 'This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after
    peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of
    use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements,
    or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02972-z.'
  identifier: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo

start_date: 2025-08-13
end_date: 2026-02-13

## Journal

- title: Nature Physics
  issn: '17452481'
  volume: '21'
  issue: '9'
  start_page: 1374
  end_page: 1379

## Conference



## Related item



## Funding

- identifier: PMRF
  funder_name: Ministry of Human Resource Development
- identifier: PMRF
  funder_name: Ministry of Human Resource Development
- identifier: 21H05233, 23H0205
  funder_name: MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: 21H05233, 23H0205
  funder_name: MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- funder_name: World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT,
    Japan
- identifier: Nanomission
  funder_name: Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology
- funder_name: JC Bose Fellowship

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## Fileset

- id: 784e3899-e07a-4a01-bcd7-1bb0142bef3d
  filename: 2025A01299G_Author's Accepted Manuscript.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 5022223
  md5: 91346a84830b08d4581874b0dcff8131
- id: bac604e9-12e3-4436-8d47-cd2cc43f27ef
  filename: 2025A01299G_41567_2025_2972_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 2897821
  md5: 9ca86b059e4f7f3072a1a68596f1568b

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 784e3899-e07a-4a01-bcd7-1bb0142bef3d
filename: 2025A01299G_Author's Accepted Manuscript.pdf