# Kerr non-linearity enhances the response of a graphene Josephson bolometer

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/6e0e9c07-be39-4998-ab89-93062fb6c7b6

## File

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## Id

6e0e9c07-be39-4998-ab89-93062fb6c7b6

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-03-08T04:41:27.130341Z

## Updated at

2026-03-10T03:30:09.794328Z

## Published at

2026-03-10T00:03:20.553800Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62480-9

## Date published

2025-07-31

## Recorded date published



## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: Kerr non-linearity enhances the response of a graphene Josephson bolometer
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: "Highly sensitive, broadband bolometers are of great interest because
    of their versa- tile usage for dark matter search, radio astronomy, material science,
    and qubit readouts in cQED experiments. There have been different realizations
    of bolometers using superconducting thin films, nanowires, quantum dots, and various
    2D materials in the recent past. The challenge is to have a single device that
    combines high sensitivity, broad bandwidth, a fast readout mechanism, and low
    noise. Here we demonstrate the first usage of a Josephson parametric amplifier
    (JPA) as a highly sensitive bolometer. Our key finding is the Kerr non-linearity
    of the JPA boosts the device’s sensitivity.\r\nWhen the bolometer is biased in
    the non-linear regime, it enhances the sideband signals (∼ 100 times), resulting
    in an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity compared to the linear regime.
    In the non-linear biasing of the device, we achieve a NEP ∼ 500 aW/√Hz. Our bolometer
    offers a fast detection scheme with a thermal time constant of 4.26 μs and an
    intrinsic JPA time constant of 70 ns. Our device’s broadband and fast operation
    are key and new compared to previously studied graphene-based bolometers. In our
    device, the gate voltage tunability and the possibility of multiplexing combined
    with the sensitive bolometric performance offer an opportunity for integrated
    quantum sensor arrays. Our work demonstrates a way forward to enhance the performance
    of quantum sensors based on 2D materials by leveraging the inherent non-linear
    response."
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Joydip Sarkar
  role: author
- name: Krishnendu Maji
  role: author
- name: Abhishek Sunamudi
  role: author
- name: Heena Agarwal
  role: author
- name: Priyanka Samanta
  role: author
- name: Anirban Bhattacharjee
  role: author
- name: Rishiraj Rajkhowa
  role: author
- name: Meghan P. Patankar
  role: author
- name: Kenji Watanabe
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Takashi Taniguchi
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Mandar M. Deshmukh
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: 'graphene Josephson bolometer
    '
  schema: not_defined
- subject: 'Kerr non-linearity
    '
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA)
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  date_licensed: 2025-07-31

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Nature Communications
  issn: '20411723'
  volume: '16'
  issue: '1'
  article_number: '7043'

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## Instrument



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## Measurement method



## Specimen



## Chemical composition



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## Fileset

- id: 0dd1ffd8-fa3c-4021-8a88-cda2d8a936c4
  filename: s41467-025-62480-9.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 3096300
  md5: 6d93404270468f67afe3c407d3e742ec

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 0dd1ffd8-fa3c-4021-8a88-cda2d8a936c4
filename: s41467-025-62480-9.pdf