# Combined Carbothermal Reduction–Acetic Acid Leaching Strategy for the Stepwise Recovery of Lithium and Manganese from Spent Electrode Materials

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/5b932ef8-345c-4e8b-8385-09a594a5e90f

## File

- [manuscript-iecr.docx](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/dc16338c-d6f1-4327-a8ea-c73511d72de5/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/dc16338c-d6f1-4327-a8ea-c73511d72de5.md))

## Id

5b932ef8-345c-4e8b-8385-09a594a5e90f

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## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2025-02-26T08:39:05.063296Z

## Updated at

2026-01-28T07:30:04.511900Z

## Published at

2026-01-28T05:15:39.351970Z

## Doi

https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.5393

## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03579

## Date published

2025-02-12

## Recorded date published

2025-2-12

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

accepted_manuscript

## Collection



## Title

- title: Combined Carbothermal Reduction–Acetic Acid Leaching Strategy for the Stepwise
    Recovery of Lithium and Manganese from Spent Electrode Materials
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Carbothermal reduction roasting is an important medium-temperature
    pyrometallurgical process for efficiently recovering valuable elements from spent
    lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, combined carbothermal reduction−acetic
    acid leaching was proposed, aiming to stepwisely recover Li, Ni, Co, and Mn from
    spent ternary LIBs containing lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNixCoyMnzO2,
    NCM). The biomass waste materials, chitosan, and chitin were chosen as sustainable
    reducing agents for carbothermal reduction roasting. The synergistic effect of
    the reducing gases and biochar produced during pyrolysis led to the reduction
    of transition metals in NCM into Ni, Co, and MnO, separately. Meanwhile, lithium
    reacted with CO2 to form Li2CO3. Additionally, an acetic acid leaching process
    was employed to treat the roasting slag, achieving selective leaching of Li and
    Mn with leaching efficiencies of 98.45% for Li, 1.20% for Ni, 3.10% for Co, and
    98.43% for Mn under optimal conditions. Compared to traditional carbothermal reduction
    roasting methods, this approach used extracts from shrimp/crab shell solid waste
    as a source of reducing atmosphere and biochar. More importantly, the leaching
    behaviors of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn were also investigated. Li and Mn were subsequently
    recovered as lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and manganese carbonate (MnCO3), respectively.
    An economic evaluation was also conducted to present a promising strategy for
    efficiently recycling valuable metals from spent LIBs.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Yakai Yang
  role: author
- name: Shuhao Dong
  role: author
- name: Dongqi Song
  role: author
- name: Hao Zhang
  role: author
- name: Xing Jin
  role: author
- name: Hao Wan
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4487-3538
- name: Renzhi Ma
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-2006
- name: Hui Guo
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-7212
- name: Hongming Long
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: American Chemical Society (ACS)

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: Recovery of spent electrode materials
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Carbothermal reduction
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Acid leaching
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- description: This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work
    that appeared in final form in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, copyright
    © 2025 American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the
    publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03579.
  identifier: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

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## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo

start_date: 2025-01-28
end_date: 2026-01-28

## Journal

- title: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
  issn: '08885885'
  volume: '64'
  issue: '6'
  start_page: 3453
  end_page: 3464

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## Funding

- identifier: '242300421222'
  funder_name: Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province
- identifier: '52104271'
  funder_name: National Natural Science Foundation of China
- identifier: JKF24-02
  funder_name: Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction & Resources Recycling,
    Anhui University of Technology
- identifier: GJJSGFYQ202416
  funder_name: Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University

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  size: 7167653
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## Thumbnail

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filename: manuscript-iecr.docx