# Giant optical nonlinearity of Fermi polarons in atomically thin semiconductors

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/57f71c49-c4c9-4aef-b703-5e5cce84d584

## File

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- [2024A00865G_Trilayer_Supplementary.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/cee3c1d4-6517-4a0f-9937-21db97396ec8/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/cee3c1d4-6517-4a0f-9937-21db97396ec8.md))

## Id

57f71c49-c4c9-4aef-b703-5e5cce84d584

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2025-09-05T01:56:51.565199Z

## Updated at

2025-09-05T07:30:40.039891Z

## Published at

2025-09-05T07:19:24.616020Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01434-x

## Date published

2024-05-14

## Recorded date published

2024-8

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

accepted_manuscript

## Collection



## Title

- title: Giant optical nonlinearity of Fermi polarons in atomically thin semiconductors
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Realizing strong nonlinear optical responses is a long-standing goal
    of both fundamental and technological importance. Recently significant efforts
    have focused on exploring excitons in solids to achieve nonlinearities even down
    to few-photon levels. However, a crucial tradeoff arises as strong light-matter
    interactions require large oscillator strength and short radiative lifetime of
    excitons, which limits their nonlinearity. Here we experimentally demonstrate
    strong nonlinear optical responses with large oscillator strength by exploiting
    the coupling between excitons and carriers in an atomically thin semiconductor.
    By controlling the electric field and electrostatic doping of trilayer WSe<sub>2</sub>,
    we observe the hybridization between intralayer and interlayer excitons and the
    formation of Fermi polarons. Substantial optical nonlinearity is observed under
    continuous wave and pulsed laser excitation, where the Fermi polaron resonance
    blueshifts by as much as ~10 meV. Intriguingly, we observe a remarkable asymmetry
    in the optical nonlinearity between electron and hole doping, which is tunable
    by the applied electric field. We attribute these features to the optically induced
    valley polarization due to the interactions between excitons and free charges.
    Our results establish atomically thin heterostructures as a highly versatile platform
    for engineering nonlinear optical response with applications to classical and
    quantum optoelectronics.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: en

## Creator

- name: Liuxin Gu
  role: author
- name: Lifu Zhang
  role: author
- name: Ruihao Ni
  role: author
- name: Ming Xie
  role: author
- name: Dominik S. Wild
  role: author
- name: Suji Park
  role: author
- name: Houk Jang
  role: author
- name: Takashi Taniguchi
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Kenji Watanabe
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Mohammad Hafezi
  role: author
- name: You Zhou
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: Nonlinear Optical Responses
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Excitons
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Fermi Polarons
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- description: 'This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after
    peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-science/policies/accepted-manuscript-terms">AM
    terms of use</a>, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance
    improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01434-x'
  identifier: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo

start_date: 2024-05-14
end_date: 2024-11-14

## Journal

- title: Nature Photonics
  issn: '17494893'
  volume: '18'
  issue: '8'
  start_page: 816
  end_page: 822

## Conference



## Related item



## Funding

- identifier: DE-SC-0022885
  funder_name: U.S. Department of Energy
- identifier: DE-SC-0022885
  funder_name: U.S. Department of Energy
- identifier: DE-SC-0022885
  funder_name: U.S. Department of Energy
- identifier: DE-SC0012704
  funder_name: U.S. Department of Energy
- identifier: DE-SC0012704
  funder_name: U.S. Department of Energy
- identifier: DMR-2145712
  funder_name: NSF | Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences | Division of
    Materials Research
- identifier: DMR-2145712
  funder_name: National Science Foundation
- identifier: 20H00354
  funder_name: MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: 20H00354
  funder_name: MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

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## Fileset

- id: dc6a350e-a16b-4b61-80e6-6f8479186ffb
  filename: 2024A00865G_Trilayer_Manuscript.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 996522
  md5: 927fec1017ec53f791ae629c67e0a786
- id: cee3c1d4-6517-4a0f-9937-21db97396ec8
  filename: 2024A00865G_Trilayer_Supplementary.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 1228382
  md5: b8461ec106d522fd874b8be5f6342a77

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: dc6a350e-a16b-4b61-80e6-6f8479186ffb
filename: 2024A00865G_Trilayer_Manuscript.pdf