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Hard carbon (HC) is a promising negative-electrode material for Na-ion batteries. HC electrochemically store Na+ ions, resulting in a non-stoichiometric chemical composition depending on their nanoscale structure, including the carbon framework and interstitial pores. Therefore, optimizing these structures for Na storage by altering the synthesis conditions can enhance the capacity of Na-ion batteries. In this study, HCs using MgO, ZnO, and CaCO3 as nanopore templates are systematically investigated, and the ZnO template is found to be particularly effective. By optimizing the concentration of ZnO embedded in the carbon matrix, utilizing a blend of zinc gluconate and zinc acetate as starting materials, the optimal ZnO-template HC demonstrated a reversible capacity of 464 mAh g-1 (corresponding to NaC4.8) with high initial Coulombic efficiency of 91.7% and low average potential of 0.18 V vs. Na+/Na. Thus, a Na-ion battery full cell consisting of Na5/6Ni1/3Fe1/6Mn1/6Ti1/3O2 and the optimized ZnO-template HC demonstrated a remarkable energy density of 312 Wh kg-1, comparable to that of a Li-ion battery with LiFePO4 and graphite. Moreover, the ZnO-template HC in a K half-cell also displayed a significant capacity of 381 mAh g-1, that is, KC5.8 where the alkali content are higher than stage-1 graphite intercalation compounds, LiC6 and KC8.

権利情報:

• Creative Commons BY-NC-ND Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
  

キーワード: Na-ion batteries, K-ion batteries, Hard carbon, Anode materials, Nanopores, Template synthesis

刊行年月日: 2023-11-09

出版者: Wiley

掲載誌:

• Advanced Energy Materials (ISSN: 16146832) vol. 13 issue. 47 2302647

研究助成金:

• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP20H02849
• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP21K14724
• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP21K20561
• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP22K14772
• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP23K13829
• New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization JPNP20004
• Japan Science and Technology Agency JPMJFS2144
• Japan Science and Technology Agency JPMJCR21O6
• Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology JPMXP 1122712807

原稿種別: 出版者版 (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

公開URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202302647

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更新時刻: 2025-01-08 16:30:48 +0900

MDRでの公開時刻: 2025-01-08 16:30:48 +0900