# Optical detection of charge defects near a graphene transistor using the Stark shift of fluorescent molecules

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/47fa3447-8d8e-4c34-b47d-854827196439

## File

- [036101_1.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/3a700dd0-4048-486d-9786-63f99fef59e4/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/3a700dd0-4048-486d-9786-63f99fef59e4.md))

## Id

47fa3447-8d8e-4c34-b47d-854827196439

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-05-04T07:04:46.863000Z

## Updated at

2026-05-11T04:21:53.565172Z

## Published at

2026-05-11T07:25:06.111585Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0274182

## Date published

2025-09-01

## Recorded date published

2025-9-1

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: Optical detection of charge defects near a graphene transistor using the
    Stark shift of fluorescent molecules
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Two-dimensional crystals and their heterostructures unlock access to
    a class of photonic devices, bringing nanophotonics from the nanometer scale down
    to the atomic level where quantum effects are relevant. Single-photon emitters
    (SPEs) are central in quantum photonics as quantum markers linked to their electrostatic,
    thermal, magnetic, or dielectric environment. This aspect is exciting in two-dimensional
    (2D) crystals and their heterostructures, where the environment can be abruptly
    modified through vertical stacking or lateral structuring, such as moiré or nano-patterned
    gates. To further develop 2D-based quantum photonic devices, there is a need for
    quantum markers that are capable of integration into various device geometries,
    and that can be read out individually, non- destructively, and without additional
    electrodes. Here, we show how to optically detect charge carrier accumulation
    using sub-GHz linewidth single-photon emitters coupled to a graphene device. We
    employ the single molecule Stark effect, sensitive to the electric fields generated
    by charge puddles, such as those at the graphene edge. The same approach enables
    dynamic sensing of electronic noise, and we demonstrate the optical read-out of
    low-frequency white noise in a biased graphene device. The approach described
    here can be further exploited to explore charge dynamics in 2D heterostructures
    using quantum emitter markers.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Carlotta Ciancico
  role: author
- name: Iacopo Torre
  role: author
- name: Bernat Terrés
  role: author
- name: Alvaro Moreno
  role: author
- name: Robert Smit
  role: author
- name: Kenji Watanabe
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Takashi Taniguchi
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Michel Orrit
  role: author
- name: Frank Koppens
  role: author
- name: Antoine Reserbat-Plantey
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: AIP Publishing

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: charge defects
  schema: not_defined
- subject: 'graphene transistor
    '
  schema: not_defined
- subject: 'Stark shift
    '
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  date_licensed: 2025-07-09

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: APL Quantum
  volume: '2'
  issue: '3'
  start_page: 36101
  end_page: 36101
  article_number: '036101'

## Conference



## Related item



## Funding

- identifier: '731473'
  funder_name: QuantERA
- identifier: SEV-2015-0522
  funder_name: Fundación Carmen y Severo Ochoa
- funder_name: Agence Nationale de La Recherche
- identifier: FA8655-23-1-7047
  funder_name: Air Force Office of Scientific Research

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## Fileset

- id: 3a700dd0-4048-486d-9786-63f99fef59e4
  filename: 036101_1.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 8388213
  md5: 0cae64d344d4e650255f6be49f12edd1

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 3a700dd0-4048-486d-9786-63f99fef59e4
filename: 036101_1.pdf