# Mapping charge excitations in generalized Wigner crystals https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/36c9688d-da94-430f-b2b2-67e201b6c812 ## File - [2024A00582G_Wigner_single_charge_excitation_6-5_v2_clean.docx](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/15492a54-85ef-4a8a-be4f-bd8367a89a47/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/15492a54-85ef-4a8a-be4f-bd8367a89a47.md)) ## Id 36c9688d-da94-430f-b2b2-67e201b6c812 ## Local identifier ## Visibility open_to_public ## State published ## Created at 2025-09-03T06:26:45.357970Z ## Updated at 2025-09-03T23:30:21.186512Z ## Published at 2025-09-03T23:19:22.764799Z ## Doi ## First published url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-023-01594-x ## Date published 2024-01-29 ## Recorded date published 2024-5 ## Resource type journal_article ## Manuscript type accepted_manuscript ## Collection ## Title - title: Mapping charge excitations in generalized Wigner crystals title_type: original lang: en ## Description - description: Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based moiré superlattices exhibit strong electron-electron correlations, thus giving rise to strongly correlated quantum phenomena such as generalized Wigner crystal states, a delicate electron crystalline phase. The evidence of Wigner crystal in TMD moire superlattice has been widely reported in various optical spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurements, while their microscopic nature remains mostly unknown. Previous work on imaging of 2D Wigner crystal only provided limited information such as lattice structure. Important physical properties of the Wigner crystal such as its elementary excitations and the corresponding energy gaps are still unclear microscopically. Theoretical studies predict that unusual quasiparticle excitations across the correlated gap between upper and lower Hubbard bands can arise due to long-range Coulomb interactions in generalized Wigner crystal states. The microscopic probe of such quasiparticle excitations, however, is non-trivial because of the fragility and low excitation energy of the Wigner crystal. Here we describe a new scanning single-electron charging (SSEC) spectroscopy technique with nanometer spatial resolution and single-electron charge resolution that enables us to directly image electron and hole wavefunctions and to determine the thermodynamic gap of generalized Wigner crystal states in twisted WS2 moiré heterostructures. High-resolution SSEC spectroscopy was achieved by combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with a monolayer graphene sensing layer, thus enabling the generation of individual electron and hole quasiparticles in generalized Wigner crystals. We show that electron and hole quasiparticles have complementary wavefunction distributions and that thermodynamic gaps of order 50meV exist for the 1/3 and 2/3 generalized Wigner crystal states. description_type: abstract lang: en ## Creator - name: Hongyuan Li role: author - name: Ziyu Xiang role: author - name: Emma Regan role: author - name: Wenyu Zhao role: author - name: Renee Sailus role: author - name: Rounak Banerjee role: author - name: Takashi Taniguchi role: author orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105 organization: National Institute for Materials Science - name: Kenji Watanabe role: author orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119 organization: National Institute for Materials Science - name: Sefaattin Tongay role: author - name: Alex Zettl role: author - name: Michael F. Crommie role: author - name: Feng Wang role: author ## Contact agent ## Publisher organization: Springer Science and Business Media LLC ## Managing organization ## Keyword - subject: Generalized Wigner crystal schema: not_defined - subject: TMD moiré superlattices schema: not_defined - subject: SSEC spectroscopy schema: not_defined ## Rights - description: 'This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-023-01594-x' identifier: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ## Other identifier(s) ## Data origin - data_origin_type: other ## Embargo start_date: 2024-01-29 end_date: 2024-07-29 ## Journal - title: Nature Nanotechnology issn: '17483395' volume: '19' issue: '5' start_page: 618 end_page: 623 ## Conference ## Related item ## Funding ## Instrument ## Instrument operator ## Instrument managing organization ## Measurement method ## Specimen ## Chemical composition ## Structure for specimen ## Structural feature for specimen ## Specific property for specimen ## Process for specimen treatment ## Computational method ## Energy level/transition state ## Software ## Custom property ## Fileset - id: 15492a54-85ef-4a8a-be4f-bd8367a89a47 filename: 2024A00582G_Wigner_single_charge_excitation_6-5_v2_clean.docx content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document size: 3972930 md5: a83fccaf11d6395d2f87a7031b887240 ## Thumbnail fileset_id: 15492a54-85ef-4a8a-be4f-bd8367a89a47 filename: 2024A00582G_Wigner_single_charge_excitation_6-5_v2_clean.docx