# Probing the Flat-Band Limit of the Superconducting Proximity Effect in Twisted Bilayer Graphene Josephson Junctions

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/2825efeb-993d-470e-a408-cd829ec7ad11

## File

- [ccb4-tqxq.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/5d2797e7-ef7f-45db-b36c-721443b18311/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/5d2797e7-ef7f-45db-b36c-721443b18311.md))

## Id

2825efeb-993d-470e-a408-cd829ec7ad11

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-05-17T00:32:27.886160Z

## Updated at

2026-05-18T01:01:59.693120Z

## Published at

2026-05-18T03:23:10.699634Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1103/ccb4-tqxq

## Date published

2025-11-20

## Recorded date published

2025-11

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: Probing the Flat-Band Limit of the Superconducting Proximity Effect in Twisted
    Bilayer Graphene Josephson Junctions
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: While extensively studied in normal metals, semimetals and semiconductors,
    the superconducting (SC) proximity effect remains elusive in the emerging field
    of flat-band systems. In this study we probe proximity-induced superconductivity
    in Josephson junctions (JJs) formed between superconducting NbTiN electrodes and
    twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) weak links. Here the TBG acts as a highly tunable
    topological flat-band system, which due to its twist-angle dependent bandwidth,
    allows to probe the SC proximity effect at the crossover from the dispersive to
    the flat-band limit. Contrary to our original expectations, we find that the SC
    remains strong even in the flat-band limit, and gives rise to broad, dome shaped
    SC regions, in the filling dependent phase diagram. In addition, we find that
    unlike in conventional JJs, the critical current Ic strongly deviates from a scaling
    with the normal state conductance GN. We attribute these findings to the onset
    of strong electron interactions, which can give rise to an excess critical current,
    and also work out the potential importance of quantum geometric terms as well
    as multiband pairing mechanisms. Our results present the first detailed study
    of the SC proximity effect in the flat-band limit and shed new light on the mechanisms
    that drive the formation of SC domes in flat-band systems.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: A. Díez-Carlón
  role: author
- name: J. Díez-Mérida
  role: author
- name: P. Rout
  role: author
- name: D. Sedov
  role: author
- name: P. Virtanen
  role: author
- name: S. Banerjee
  role: author
- name: R. P. S. Penttilä
  role: author
- name: P. Altpeter
  role: author
- name: K. Watanabe
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: T. Taniguchi
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: S.-Y. Yang
  role: author
- name: K. T. Law
  role: author
- name: T. T. Heikkilä
  role: author
- name: P. Törmä
  role: author
- name: M. S. Scheurer
  role: author
- name: D. K. Efetov
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: American Physical Society (APS)

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: 'superconducting proximity effect
    '
  schema: not_defined
- subject: twisted bilayer graphene (TBG)
  schema: not_defined
- subject: 'flat-band systems
    '
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  date_licensed: 2025-11-20

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Physical Review X
  issn: '21603308'
  volume: '15'
  issue: '4'
  article_number: '041033'

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## Related item



## Funding

- identifier: 101040651—SuperCorr
  funder_name: European Research Council
- identifier: '852927'
  funder_name: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
- identifier: '535146365'
  funder_name: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- identifier: '101099139'
  funder_name: HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council
- identifier: JPMXP0112101001
  funder_name: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- identifier: 19H05790
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: 20H00354
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: 21H05233
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- funder_name: Neste Foundation
- identifier: '339313'
  funder_name: Research Council of Finland
- identifier: '354735'
  funder_name: Research Council of Finland
- funder_name: Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö
- funder_name: Keele University
- funder_name: Magnus Ehrnroothin Säätiö
- identifier: SFI-MPS-NFS-00006741-12
  funder_name: Simons Foundation
- identifier: 101135240 JOGATE
  funder_name: HORIZON-RIA

## Instrument



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## Fileset

- id: 5d2797e7-ef7f-45db-b36c-721443b18311
  filename: ccb4-tqxq.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
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  md5: bbc613d417609209f89df0f702cd2375

## Thumbnail

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filename: ccb4-tqxq.pdf