# An open-source framework for quantitative electrostatic simulations in Kelvin probe force microscopy

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/1a45a006-52b0-4c09-91c7-9661b1333176

## File

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## Id

1a45a006-52b0-4c09-91c7-9661b1333176

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-07-17T23:15:07.045226Z

## Updated at

2026-07-21T04:30:01.693662Z

## Published at

2026-07-21T07:30:32.471030Z

## Doi

https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.6417

## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0336722

## Date published

2026-07-14

## Recorded date published

2026-7-14

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

accepted_manuscript

## Collection



## Title

- title: An open-source framework for quantitative electrostatic simulations in Kelvin
    probe force microscopy
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: We developed an open-source numerical code for calculating electrostatic
    interactions between a hyperbolic metallic tip and a conducting surface under
    Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM)-relevant conditions. The code solves the
    electrostatic potential in the tip-sample vacuum gap under an applied bias by
    imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions on the tip and sample surfaces, and evaluates
    electrostatic force observables from the calculated potential. In addition to
    laterally homogeneous samples, the full three-dimensional implementation treats
    spatially inhomogeneous surfaces and reproduces contact potential difference profiles.
    Quantitative comparison with experiments is achieved without arbitrary scale factors
    or other ad hoc proportionality constants. The method provides a practical framework
    for experimental-parameter extraction, quantitative KPFM data analysis, and future
    investigations of contrast formation and other measurement aspects in KPFM.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Nobuyuki Ishida
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-0583
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: AIP Publishing

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: Kelvin probe force microscopy
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Electrostatic force
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Numerical calculation
  schema: not_defined
- subject: METALTIP
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- description: 'This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use
    requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared
    in Nobuyuki Ishida; An open-source framework for quantitative electrostatic simulations
    in Kelvin probe force microscopy. J. Appl. Phys. 14 July 2026; 140 (2): 024301
    and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0336722.'
  identifier: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Journal of Applied Physics
  issn: '00218979'
  volume: '140'
  issue: '2'
  article_number: '024301'

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## Related item



## Funding

- identifier: JP17K06366
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: JP21H01818
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: JP24K01367
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

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## Measurement method



## Specimen



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## Fileset

- id: e29562d0-99a1-4b86-8588-eb79b57d0948
  filename: draft013.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 593807
  md5: 131c1b200f11e4d39390b873cdec4019
- id: 8209abb9-eda4-49dd-a298-6c4dda48c5dc
  filename: s-info5.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 1291013
  md5: 52875d6b7c90b62704d7df6f00bf8b80

## Thumbnail

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filename: s-info5.pdf