# Proximity screening greatly enhances electronic quality of graphene

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/165b40a8-856d-44ba-aaea-19d83314135f

## File

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## Id

165b40a8-856d-44ba-aaea-19d83314135f

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-05-17T00:38:35.158830Z

## Updated at

2026-05-18T01:14:35.675341Z

## Published at

2026-05-18T03:23:10.348323Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09386-0

## Date published

2025-08-21

## Recorded date published

2025-8-21

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: Proximity screening greatly enhances electronic quality of graphene
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: The electronic quality of two-dimensional (2D) systems is crucial for
    exploring quantum transport phenomena. In semiconductor heterostructures, decades
    of optimization have yielded record-quality 2D gases with transport and quantum
    mobilities reaching close to 108 and 106 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. Although the
    quality of graphene devices has also been improving, it remains comparatively
    lower. Here we report a transformative improvement in the electronic quality of
    graphene by employing graphite gates placed in its immediate proximity, at 1 nm
    separation. The resulting screening reduces charge inhomogeneity by two orders
    of magnitude, bringing it down to a few 107 cm-2 and limiting potential fluctuations
    to <1 meV. Quantum mobilities reach 107 cm2 V-1 s-1, surpassing by an order of
    magnitude those even in the highest-quality semiconductor heterostructures, while
    transport mobilities match their record. This quality enables Shubnikov – de Haas
    oscillations in fields as low as 1 mT, quantum Hall plateaus at 5 mT and 10-μm-scale
    ballistic transport in the Dirac electron- hole plasma. Our results show a reliable
    route to a new level of electronic quality, not only for graphene but also for
    other 2D materials and their heterostructures.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Daniil Domaretskiy
  role: author
- name: Zefei Wu
  role: author
- name: Van Huy Nguyen
  role: author
- name: Ned Hayward
  role: author
- name: Ian Babich
  role: author
- name: Xiao Li
  role: author
- name: Ekaterina Nguyen
  role: author
- name: Julien Barrier
  role: author
- name: Kornelia Indykiewicz
  role: author
- name: Wendong Wang
  role: author
- name: Roman V. Gorbachev
  role: author
- name: Na Xin
  role: author
- name: Kenji Watanabe
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Takashi Taniguchi
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Lee Hague
  role: author
- name: Vladimir I. Fal’ko
  role: author
- name: Irina V. Grigorieva
  role: author
- name: Leonid A. Ponomarenko
  role: author
- name: Alexey I. Berdyugin
  role: author
- name: Andre K. Geim
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: proximity screening
  schema: not_defined
- subject: graphene
  schema: not_defined
- subject: electronic quality
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  date_licensed: 2025-08-20

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Nature
  issn: '00280836'
  volume: '644'
  issue: '8077'
  start_page: 646
  end_page: 651

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## Specimen



## Chemical composition



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## Fileset

- id: 23ea941a-d6c7-467f-bcaf-5ac0bcd1d5e0
  filename: s41586-025-09386-0.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 5727867
  md5: 99316391b8c45afe6d628a6d3c6b1c72

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 23ea941a-d6c7-467f-bcaf-5ac0bcd1d5e0
filename: s41586-025-09386-0.pdf