# Growth Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes Revealed by in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/1189944e-4982-4752-8c4f-ab8d232815bf ## File - [Revised_Review_In situ TEM_CNT growth mechanism-2024-09-10-Zhang_T.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/67cfac1c-2440-486b-b225-ce52239565d0/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/67cfac1c-2440-486b-b225-ce52239565d0.md)) ## Id 1189944e-4982-4752-8c4f-ab8d232815bf ## Local identifier ## Visibility open_to_public ## State published ## Created at 2024-12-23T00:57:23.269810Z ## Updated at 2025-09-24T23:30:17.404722Z ## Published at 2025-09-24T23:18:42.700546Z ## Doi https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.5199 ## First published url https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202405736 ## Date published 2024-09-25 ## Recorded date published 2024-12 ## Resource type journal_article ## Manuscript type accepted_manuscript ## Collection ## Title - title: Growth Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes Revealed by in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy title_type: original lang: en ## Description - description: Elucidating the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is critical to obtaining CNTs with desired structures and tailored properties for their practical applications. With atomic resolution imaging, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been a key technique to reveal the microstructure and dynamics of CNTs in real time. In this review, recent advances in the development of in situ TEM with different types of environmental reactors will be introduced. The catalytic growth mechanisms of CNTs revealed by in situ TEM under realistic conditions are discussed from fundamental thermodynamics and kinetics to the detailed nucleation, growth, and termination mechanisms, including the state and phase of active catalysts, interfacial connections between catalyst and growing CNTs, and catalyst-related growth kinetics of CNTs. Great progresses have been made on how a CNT nucleates, grows and terminates, focusing on the interface dynamics and kinetic fluctuations. Finally, challenges and future directions for understanding the atomic dynamics under the real growth conditions are proposed. It is expected that breakthroughs in the fundamental growth mechanisms will pave the way to the ultimate goal of designing and controlling the atomic structures of CNTs for their applications in various devices. description_type: abstract lang: und ## Creator - name: Lili Zhang role: author orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-8435 - name: Dai‐Ming Tang role: author orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-7481 - name: Chang Liu role: author orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-3997 ## Contact agent ## Publisher organization: Wiley ## Managing organization ## Keyword - subject: growth mechanism schema: not_defined - subject: carbon nanotubes schema: not_defined - subject: in situ TEM schema: not_defined ## Rights - description: 'This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: L. Zhang, D.-M. Tang, C. Liu, Growth Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes Revealed by in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy. Small 2024, 20, 2405736, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202405736. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.' identifier: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ## Other identifier(s) ## Data origin - data_origin_type: other ## Embargo start_date: 2024-09-25 end_date: 2025-09-25 ## Journal - title: Small issn: '16136810' volume: '20' issue: '50' ## Conference ## Related item ## Funding - identifier: 2022YFA1203303 funder_name: National Key Research and Development Program of China - identifier: '52188101' funder_name: National Natural Science Foundation of China - identifier: '51927803' funder_name: National Natural Science Foundation of China - identifier: JPMXP1224NM5238 funder_name: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology - identifier: JP25820336 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP20K05281 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JP23H01796 funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - identifier: JPMJFR223T funder_name: Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology - identifier: ZR2019ZD49 funder_name: Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province - identifier: '52130209' funder_name: National Natural Science Foundation of China ## Instrument ## Instrument operator ## Instrument managing organization ## Measurement method ## Specimen ## Chemical composition ## Structure for specimen ## Structural feature for specimen ## Specific property for specimen ## Process for specimen treatment ## Computational method ## Energy level/transition state ## Software ## Custom property ## Fileset - id: 67cfac1c-2440-486b-b225-ce52239565d0 filename: Revised_Review_In situ TEM_CNT growth mechanism-2024-09-10-Zhang_T.pdf content_type: application/pdf size: 2077445 md5: ba0ec85e1d755c1e21ef3d4b407a69f9 ## Thumbnail fileset_id: 67cfac1c-2440-486b-b225-ce52239565d0 filename: Revised_Review_In situ TEM_CNT growth mechanism-2024-09-10-Zhang_T.pdf