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Operando Nanomechanical Mapping of Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Electrodes in All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery Configuration during Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation
An operando bimodal atomic force microscopy system was constructed to perform nanomechanical mapping of an amorphous Si thin film electrode deposited on a Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 solid electrolyte sheet during electrochemical lithiation/delithiation. The evolution of Young’s modulus maps of the Si electrode was successfully tracked as a function of apparent Li content x in lithium silicide (LixSi) simultaneously with real-time surface topography observation. At the initial stage of lithiation, the average modulus steeply decreased due to the generation of LixSi from intrinsic Si, followed by a moderate modulus reduction until the electrode capacity reached 3300 mAh g–1 (Li content x = 3.46). In the following delithiation, the gradual recovery of the average modulus of LixSi was observed up to 1467 mAh g–1 (Li content x = 1.54) at which delithiation stopped due to the significant volume change induced by phase transformation of LixSi.
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- 18/01/2024
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