Bio-gel nanoarchitectonics in tissue engineering

Nanoarchitectonics may be highly compatible with applications in biological systems. Conversely, it would be meaningful to consider nanoarchitectonics research oriented toward biological applications with a focus on material systems. Perhaps, hydrogels are promising as a model medium to realize nanoarchitectonics in biofunctional materials science. In this review, we will provide an overview of some of the defined targets, especially for tissue engineering. Specifically, we will discuss (i) hydrogel bio-ink for 3D bioprinting, (ii) dynamic hydrogel as an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM), and (iii) topographical hydrogel for tissue organization. Based on these backgrounds and conceptual evolutions, the construction strategies and functions of bio-gel nanoarchitectonics in medical applications and tissue engineering will be discussed.